In the previous part we set up a database for the Joomla components. In this part you will learn how to change or add data using a form in the administration area. At the end, the view of your component in the administration area contains a button to add new items. You change an existing item by clicking on the title in the list view.
For impatient people: View the changed program code in the Diff View[^github.com/astridx/boilerplate/compare/t6...t6b] and copy these changes into your development version.
Step by step
New files
administrator/components/ com_foos/ forms/foo.xml
Joomla creates the form for you if you give it the requirements in an XML file. Below you can see this for our example.
administrator/components/com_foos/ forms/foo.xml
<!-- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astridx/boilerplate/t6b/src/administrator/components/com_foos/forms/foo.xml -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<form>
<fieldset>
<field
name="id"
type="number"
label="JGLOBAL_FIELD_ID_LABEL"
default="0"
class="readonly"
readonly="true"
/>
<field
name="name"
type="text"
label="COM_FOOS_FIELD_NAME_LABEL"
size="40"
required="true"
/>
<field
name="alias"
type="text"
label="JFIELD_ALIAS_LABEL"
size="45"
hint="JFIELD_ALIAS_PLACEHOLDER"
/>
</fieldset>
</form>You want an overview of all possible form elements? In the Joomla documentation[^docs.joomla.org/form_field] all standard form fields are listed.
Further tip: We have a simple form so far. Later, more specific requirements will surely be added. For example: What is the best way to place JavaScript in a Joomla form? A simple but quick and messy solution is this: You create a field type=note in the XML definition and then write the JavaScript code into the language constant of the description. I found a more elegant solution in (Allrounder template by Bakual)https://github.com/Bakual/Allrounder/. First he creates a new field of type loadjscss[^github.com/Bakual/Allrounder/blob/master/fields/loadjscss.php]. He then includes this in the file templateDetails.xml[^github.com/Bakual/Allrounder/blob/master/templateDetails.xml#L51]. Don't worry if you don't see through the last variant right away. We will create more fields as we go along.
administrator/components/ com_foos/ src/Controller/FooController.php
We create more or less an empty class with FooController. Although it contains no logic of its own, we need it because it inherits from FormController. Joomla expects FooController as the controller of the extension in this place under this name.
administrator/components/com_foos/ src/Controller/FooController.php
// https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astridx/boilerplate/t6b/src/administrator/components/com_foos/src/Controller/FooController.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_foos
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2020 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
namespace FooNamespace\Component\Foos\Administrator\Controller;
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
use Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\FormController;
/**
* Controller for a single foo
*
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
class FooController extends FormController
{
}
Wann solltest du schon an dieser Stelle etwas in die Datei administrator/components/com_foos/ src/Controller/FooController.php einfügen?
Hast du deine Komponente umbenannt und nun das Problem, dass deine Views von Joomla nicht korrekt gefunden werden? Hast du beispielsweise eine neue View namens Katze angelegt und deine Listenansicht heißt Katzen. Nun wirst du teilweise von Joomla zur View KatzeS weitergeleitet. Insbesondere dann, wenn du einen neuen Datensatz anlegst oder ein Bearbeiten abbrichst. Du fragst dich, wo das S herkommt? Des Rätsels Lösung findest du in der Datei libraries/src/MVC/Controller/ FormController.php[^libraries/src/MVC/Controller/FormController.php]. Im Konstruktor dieser Datei wird die Variable view_item automatisch mit dem Plural versehen. Allerdings wird die englische Grammatik verwendet. Im Falle des englischen Wortes cat passt das. Cats ist Mehrzahl von cat. Dein Controller erbt diese Werte aufgrund wegen use Joomla\CMS\MVC\Controller\FormController und extends FormController. Das passt nicht immer. Setze in deinem FormController die Variablen view_item und view_list selbst, um benutzerdefinierte Werte zu verwenden.
class KatzeController extends FormController
{
protected $view_item = 'katze';
protected $view_list = 'katzen';
}administrator/components/ com_foos/ src/Model/FooModel.php
Now we create the model to fetch the data for an element. This we call FooModel. It inherits the main implementations from AdminModel. We add our own special requirements. With $typeAlias we set the typalias for the content type. This way Joomla knows for all inherited functions to which element it has to apply them exactly. For example, the alias in loadFormData() is used to convert the matching XML file into a form. Remember, you created the file in the current chapter. And for the correct mapping of the table, the alias is essential when you reuse Joomla functions. The typalias plays a big role in the background without you noticing it.
administrator/components/com_foos/ src/Model/FooModel.php
// https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astridx/boilerplate/t6b/src/administrator/components/com_foos/src/Model/FooModel.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_foos
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2020 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
namespace FooNamespace\Component\Foos\Administrator\Model;
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
use Joomla\CMS\Factory;
use Joomla\CMS\MVC\Model\AdminModel;
/**
* Item Model for a Foo.
*
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
class FooModel extends AdminModel
{
/**
* The type alias for this content type.
*
* @var string
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
public $typeAlias = 'com_foos.foo';
/**
* Method to get the row form.
*
* @param array $data Data for the form.
* @param boolean $loadData True if the form is to load its own data (default case), false if not.
*
* @return \JForm|boolean A \JForm object on success, false on failure
*
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
public function getForm($data = [], $loadData = true)
{
// Get the form.
$form = $this->loadForm($this->typeAlias, 'foo', ['control' => 'jform', 'load_data' => $loadData]);
if (empty($form)) {
return false;
}
return $form;
}
/**
* Method to get the data that should be injected in the form.
*
* @return mixed The data for the form.
*
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
protected function loadFormData()
{
$app = Factory::getApplication();
$data = $this->getItem();
$this->preprocessData($this->typeAlias, $data);
return $data;
}
/**
* Prepare and sanitise the table prior to saving.
*
* @param \Joomla\CMS\Table\Table $table The Table object
*
* @return void
*
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
protected function prepareTable($table)
{
$table->generateAlias();
}
}
administrator/components/ com_foos/ src/Table/FooTable.php
We implement the access to the database table. It is important to set $this->typeAlias and to specify the name of the table #__foos_details.
administrator/components/com_foos/ src/Table/FooTable.php
// https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astridx/boilerplate/t6b/src/administrator/components/com_foos/src/Table/FooTable.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_foos
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2019 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
namespace FooNamespace\Component\Foos\Administrator\Table;
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
use Joomla\CMS\Application\ApplicationHelper;
use Joomla\CMS\Table\Table;
use Joomla\Database\DatabaseDriver;
/**
* Foos Table class.
*
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
class FooTable extends Table
{
/**
* Constructor
*
* @param DatabaseDriver $db Database connector object
*
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
public function __construct(DatabaseDriver $db)
{
$this->typeAlias = 'com_foos.foo';
parent::__construct('#__foos_details', 'id', $db);
}
/**
* Generate a valid alias from title / date.
* Remains public to be able to check for duplicated alias before saving
*
* @return string
*/
public function generateAlias()
{
if (empty($this->alias)) {
$this->alias = $this->name;
}
$this->alias = ApplicationHelper::stringURLSafe($this->alias, $this->language);
if (trim(str_replace('-', '', $this->alias)) == '') {
$this->alias = Factory::getDate()->format('Y-m-d-H-i-s');
}
return $this->alias;
}
}
administrator/components/ com_foos/ src/View/Foo/HtmlView.php
The file administrator/components/com_foos/ src/View/Foo/HtmlView.php organises the view of an element. Be careful not to mix this up this with the file administrator/components/com_foos/ src/View/Foo s /HtmlView.php, which displays all elements in an overview list. To edit an element, we need a toolbar just like in the list view. The display itself is done as usual via the method display of the class BaseHtmlView. Only our special features are given via $this->form = $this->get('Form'); and $this->item = $this->get('Item');.
administrator/components/com_foos/ src/View/Foo/HtmlView.php
// https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astridx/boilerplate/t6b/src/administrator/components/com_foos/src/View/Foo/HtmlView.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_foos
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2019 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
namespace FooNamespace\Component\Foos\Administrator\View\Foo;
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
use Joomla\CMS\Factory;
use Joomla\CMS\Language\Text;
use Joomla\CMS\MVC\View\HtmlView as BaseHtmlView;
use Joomla\CMS\Toolbar\ToolbarHelper;
/**
* View to edit a foo.
*
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
class HtmlView extends BaseHtmlView
{
/**
* The \JForm object
*
* @var \JForm
*/
protected $form;
/**
* The active item
*
* @var object
*/
protected $item;
/**
* Display the view.
*
* @param string $tpl The name of the template file to parse; automatically searches through the template paths.
*
* @return mixed A string if successful, otherwise an Error object.
*/
public function display($tpl = null)
{
$this->form = $this->get('Form');
$this->item = $this->get('Item');
$this->addToolbar();
return parent::display($tpl);
}
/**
* Add the page title and toolbar.
*
* @return void
*
* @since __BUMP_VERSION__
*/
protected function addToolbar()
{
Factory::getApplication()->input->set('hidemainmenu', true);
$isNew = ($this->item->id == 0);
ToolbarHelper::title($isNew ? Text::_('COM_FOOS_MANAGER_FOO_NEW') : Text::_('COM_FOOS_MANAGER_FOO_EDIT'), 'address foo');
ToolbarHelper::apply('foo.apply');
ToolbarHelper::cancel('foo.cancel', 'JTOOLBAR_CLOSE');
}
}
administrator/components/ com_foos/ tmpl/foo/edit.php
In the file edit.php is the view implemented, which is called for editing. It is important for me to address the Webassetmanager[^docs.joomla.org/j4.x:web_assets] $wa = $this->document->getWebAssetManager(); here. This is new in Joomla 4. You load two JavaScript files via Webassetmanager. useScript('keepalive') loads media/system/js/keepalive.js and keeps your session alive while you edit or create an article. useScript('form.validate') loads a lot of helpful functions with media/system/js/core.js. For example, validation, which we'll look at in more detail later.
If you do not include webassets correctly, you will get the following error in the console of your browser when you save the form:
joomla document.formvalidator is undefined. Joomla validates the forms by default and expects the filemedia/system/js/core.jsto be loaded.
administrator/components/com_foos/ tmpl/foo/edit.php
// https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astridx/boilerplate/t6b/src/administrator/components/com_foos/tmpl/foo/edit.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_foos
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2019 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
use Joomla\CMS\Factory;
use Joomla\CMS\HTML\HTMLHelper;
use Joomla\CMS\Router\Route;
$app = Factory::getApplication();
$input = $app->input;
$wa = $this->document->getWebAssetManager();
$wa->useScript('keepalive')
->useScript('form.validate');
$layout = 'edit';
$tmpl = $input->get('tmpl', '', 'cmd') === 'component' ? '&tmpl=component' : '';
?>
<form action="<?php echo Route::_('index.php?option=com_foos&layout=' . $layout . $tmpl . '&id=' . (int) $this->item->id); ?>" method="post" name="adminForm" id="foo-form" class="form-validate">
<?php echo $this->getForm()->renderField('name'); ?>
<?php echo $this->getForm()->renderField('alias'); ?>
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="">
<?php echo HTMLHelper::_('form.token'); ?>
</form>
Are you interested in the content of the files Core.js or Keepalive.js? In this case, look at them directly in Joomla. In the development version, they are located in the directory
build/media_source/system/js/and are prepared for installation with the help of scripts, Node.js[^nodejs.org] and Composer[^getcomposer.org/] in the directorymedia/system/js. For further information, please refer to the Joomla Documentation[^docs.joomla.org/j4.x:setting_up_your_local_environment].
administrator/components/com_foos/ tmpl/foos/emptystate.php
With the file administrator/components/com_foos/ tmpl/foos/emptystate.php we create a special layout for the case that the component contains no element and is therefore empty.
administrator/components/com_foos/ tmpl/foos/emptystate.php
// https://raw.githubusercontent.com/astridx/boilerplate/t6b/src/administrator/components/com_foos/tmpl/foos/emptystate.php
<?php
/**
* @package Joomla.Administrator
* @subpackage com_foos
*
* @copyright Copyright (C) 2005 - 2020 Open Source Matters, Inc. All rights reserved.
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
use Joomla\CMS\Factory;
use Joomla\CMS\Layout\LayoutHelper;
$displayData = [
'textPrefix' => 'COM_FOOS',
'formURL' => 'index.php?option=com_foos',
'helpURL' => 'https://github.com/astridx/boilerplate#readme',
'icon' => 'icon-copy',
];
$user = Factory::getApplication()->getIdentity();
if ($user->authorise('core.create', 'com_foos') || count($user->getAuthorisedCategories('com_foos', 'core.create')) > 0) {
$displayData['createURL'] = 'index.php?option=com_foos&task=foo.add';
}
echo LayoutHelper::render('joomla.content.emptystate', $displayData);
'icon' => 'icon-copy'only works with icons that are included by name in the file build/media_source/system/scss/_icomoon.scss[^build/media_source/system/scss/_icomoon.scss]. I explained in the preface why this is like it is. Adjust the layout for the icon if you want to display a different symbol.
The Empty State layout has been integrated into Joomla in PR 33264[github.com/joomla/joomla-cms/pull/33264]. The implementation of the Empty-State-Layout here in the tutorial takes the hint from [Issue 35712](https://github.com/joomla/joomla-cms/issues/35712] into account and inserts the code if (count($errors = $this->get('Errors'))) { throw new GenericDataException(implode("\n", $errors), 500);} before the code if (!count($this->items) && $this->get('IsEmptyState')) { $this->setLayout('emptystate');} in the file administrator/components/com_foos/ src/View/Foos/HtmlView.php. This is done in a later chapter.
Good design is already a challenge when there is data to display. It is even more difficult to implement an empty page in a user-friendly way. Have a look at emptystat.es if you want to get inspired about your Empty State implementation.
Modified files
administrator/components/ com_foos/ foos.xml
To ensure that the 'forms' directory is passed to Joomla during a new installation, enter it in the installation manifest.
administrator/components/com_foos/ foos.xml
</submenu>
<files folder="administrator/components/com_foos">
<filename>foos.xml</filename>
<folder>forms</folder>
<folder>services</folder>
<folder>sql</folder>
<folder>src</folder>
administrator/components/ com_foos/ src/View/Foos/HtmlView.php
In the view that displays the overview list, we add the toolbar. Here we insert a button that creates a new element. We also query with if (!count($this->items) && $this->get('IsEmptyState')) whether there are items to display. If the view is empty, we display the user-friendly Empty State layout $this->setLayout('emptystate');.
administrator/components/com_foos/ src/View/Foos/HtmlView.php
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
use Joomla\CMS\Language\Text;
use Joomla\CMS\MVC\View\HtmlView as BaseHtmlView;
use Joomla\CMS\Toolbar\Toolbar;
use Joomla\CMS\Toolbar\ToolbarHelper;
/**
* View class for a list of foos.
class HtmlView extends BaseHtmlView
public function display($tpl = null): void
{
$this->items = $this->get('Items');
if (!count($this->items) && $this->get('IsEmptyState')) {
$this->setLayout('emptystate');
}
$this->addToolbar();
parent::display($tpl);
}
protected function addToolbar()
{
// Get the toolbar object instance
$toolbar = Toolbar::getInstance('toolbar');
ToolbarHelper::title(Text::_('COM_FOOS_MANAGER_FOOS'), 'address foo');
$toolbar->addNew('foo.add');
}
}
administrator/components/ com_foos/ tmpl/foos/default.php
In the template of the overview list, we replace the simple text with a form. The form contains a form field for each column in the database table and makes it possible to create or change data.
administrator/components/com_foos/ tmpl/foos/default.php
* @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt
*/
\defined('_JEXEC') or die;
use Joomla\CMS\HTML\HTMLHelper;
use Joomla\CMS\Language\Text;
use Joomla\CMS\Router\Route;
?>
<?php foreach ($this->items as $i => $item) : ?>
<?php echo $item->name; ?>
</br>
<?php endforeach; ?>
<form action="<?php echo Route::_('index.php?option=com_foos'); ?>" method="post" name="adminForm" id="adminForm">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div id="j-main-container" class="j-main-container">
<?php if (empty($this->items)) : ?>
<div class="alert alert-warning">
<?php echo Text::_('JGLOBAL_NO_MATCHING_RESULTS'); ?>
</div>
<?php else : ?>
<table class="table" id="fooList">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col" style="width:1%" class="text-center d-none d-md-table-cell">
<?php echo Text::_('COM_FOOS_TABLE_TABLEHEAD_NAME'); ?>
</th>
<th scope="col">
<?php echo Text::_('COM_FOOS_TABLE_TABLEHEAD_ID'); ?>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<?php
$n = count($this->items);
foreach ($this->items as $i => $item) :
?>
<tr class="row<?php echo $i % 2; ?>">
<th scope="row" class="has-context">
<div>
<?php echo $this->escape($item->name); ?>
</div>
<?php $editIcon = '<span class="fa fa-pencil-square mr-2" aria-hidden="true"></span>'; ?>
<a class="hasTooltip" href="<?php echo Route::_('index.php?option=com_foos&task=foo.edit&id=' . (int) $item->id); ?>" title="<?php echo Text::_('JACTION_EDIT'); ?> <?php echo $this->escape(addslashes($item->name)); ?>">
<?php echo $editIcon; ?><?php echo $this->escape($item->name); ?></a>
</th>
<td class="d-none d-md-table-cell">
<?php echo $item->id; ?>
</td>
</tr>
<?php endforeach; ?>
</tbody>
</table>
<?php endif; ?>
<input type="hidden" name="task" value="">
<input type="hidden" name="boxchecked" value="0">
<?php echo HTMLHelper::_('form.token'); ?>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
Test your Joomla component
-
install your component in Joomla version 4 to test it: Copy the files in the
administratorfolder into theadministratorfolder of your Joomla 4 installation. Copy the files in thecomponentsfolder into thecomponentsfolder of your Joomla 4 installation. A new installation is not necessary. Continue using the files from the previous part. -
next, open the list view of your component in the administration area. Are the three items provided with links? Do you see a button to create a new item?
- then click on the button
Newor on the title of an item. You will see the form for creating or editing items. Add a new item.
- change existing items by clicking on the name.
- delete all Foo-Items via the database and make sure that the Empty-State layout is displayed. Have you not yet edited the database yourself? In the previous section I suggested phpmyadmin.net as a tool. In the following you will see the standard view followed by our user-friendly Empty State version for comparison. In the next but one section we will take care of the language files, then the layout will be perfect.
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